What is the taxation of stock options?

@tavares 

The taxation of stock options can vary based on several factors, including the type of options, the holding period, and the tax laws of the country where the employee resides. Generally, there are two types of stock options:

1. Non-Qualified Stock Options (NQSOs): When an employee exercises NQSOs, the difference between the fair market value of the stock and the exercise price is considered ordinary income. It is subject to income tax and payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare), which are withheld at the time of exercise. The subsequent sale of the stock may trigger capital gains tax if the stock is sold at a higher price than the fair market value on the exercise date.
2. Incentive Stock Options (ISOs): ISOs provide potential tax advantages compared to NQSOs. If certain holding period requirements are met (holding the stock for at least one year after exercise and two years after grant), the employee may qualify for long-term capital gains tax rates on the difference between the exercise price and the stock's sale price. However, if the holding periods are not met, the taxation becomes similar to NQSOs, and the difference between the exercise price and the stock's fair market value is considered ordinary income.

It is important to consult with a tax advisor or professional to understand the specific tax implications based on individual circumstances and jurisdiction.